生物胶联合OK-432和平阳霉素治疗面颈部巨大静脉畸形

目的：评价生物胶联合OK-432和平阳霉素治疗面颈部巨大静脉畸形的临床疗效。方法：26例面颈部巨大静脉畸形患者,男11例,女15例;年龄4～23岁,平均年龄11.8岁。通过注射生物胶联合OK-432和平阳霉素进行治疗。所有病例均只接受1次治疗。结果：除术区2～3周肿胀外,均无严重并发症出现。随诊6～12个月（平均8.4个月）,19例治愈,5例显效,2例有效,无无效病例。结论：生物胶联合OK-432和平阳霉素经皮硬化术治疗面颈部巨大静脉畸形,效果良好,并且简单、安全和可靠。     

白念珠菌ERG11基因启动子部分序列分析

目的 探讨白念珠菌菌丝相与酵母相ERG11基因启动子部分(-440～-1)碱基序列的差异以及ERG11基因启动子突变与白念珠菌对氟康唑敏感性的关系。方法 分别提取从同一亲本来源、对氟康唑敏感性不同的白念珠菌菌丝相与酵母相基因组DNA,根据ERG11基因启动子序列及其编码序列设计一对引物,对ERG11基因上游启动子部分碱基序列(-503～53)进行PCR扩增,经PCR产物直接测序比较白念珠菌菌丝相与酵母相ERG11基因启动子序列(-440～-1)的差异以及对氟康唑敏感性不同的白念珠菌ERG11基因启动子序列的差异。结果 白念珠菌菌丝相与酵母相ERG11启动子序列未发现差异。氟康唑敏感株白念珠菌ERG11基因启动子的-365,-353,-328,-310,-308,-299,-295,-293,-292,290,-289位点为杂合状态,且在-284位点有一等位基因发生单碱基缺失(-284delT);而在白念珠菌氟康唑剂量依赖性敏感和耐药株上述杂合现象消失。结论 白念珠菌菌丝相与酵母相ERG11基因启动子-440～-1区碱基序列无差异;ERG11基因启动子突变可能与白念珠菌对氟康唑耐药有关。     

Diabetes-related hospital mortality in the U.S.: A pooled cross-sectional study of the National Inpatient Sample

Aims

Despite advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in the U.S., place-based disparities still exist. The purpose of this study is to determine place-based and other individual-level variations in diabetes-related hospital deaths.

顽固性寻常性银屑病皮损在十二皮部分布规律初探

目的应用中医学十二皮部理论观察顽固性寻常性银屑病的主要皮损分布部位,分析其在十二皮部的分布规律以及血热证、血瘀证、血燥证3个基本证型之间皮损所在皮部的分布规律,为进一步完善银屑病辨证论治理论、提高临床疗效奠定理论基础。方法对顽固性寻常性银屑病患者皮损所在皮部进行观察,将主要皮损部位描画于"皮损所在皮部研究观察表",记录患者皮损所在的皮部。总结皮损在十二皮部出现的频数及百分率,并进行排序,分析其在十二皮部的分布规律以及不同证型间皮损所在皮部的分布规律。结果顽固性寻常性银屑病皮损在十二皮部分布的频率差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),皮损主要分布在足太阳膀胱经皮部、足阳明胃经皮部、足少阳胆经皮部、足厥阴肝经皮部和足太阴脾经皮部。顽固性寻常性银屑病各证型(血热证、血燥证、血瘀证)之间皮损在十二皮部分布的频率差异,以及各证型与总体相比较皮损在十二皮部分布的频率差异,尚均未发现具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论顽固性寻常性银屑病皮损在十二皮部的分布具有一定规律性,足太阳膀胱经、足阳明胃经、足少阳胆经、足厥阴肝经和足太阴脾经等皮部皮损分布较多,提示以上经络脏腑可能与顽固性寻常性银屑病具有一定相关性;顽固性寻常性银屑病皮损在十二皮部的分布与银屑病"从血论治"的分型尚无明显相关性。     

Functional implications of kappa opioid receptor-mediated modulation of glutamate transmission in the output regions of the basal ganglia in rodent and primate models of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is characterized by an increased excitatory amino acid transmission in the internal segment of the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra pars reticulata. The effects of the kappa receptor agonist enadoline (CI-977) on glutamate transmission were investigated in vitro. Enadoline reduced the K⁺-evoked release of glutamate from slices of substantia nigra in a concentration-dependent manner (maximum effect: 78% inhibition at 200 μM). This effect was blocked by the selective kappa receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine. The endogenousm ligand for kappa receptors i sthought to be dynorphin. Dynorphin released from terminals of striato-pallidal and striato-nigral pathways might thus act as an endogenous modulatory agent on glutamatergic transmission in the basal ganglia. In vivo experiments were carried out in rodent and primate models of Parkinson's disease to assess the potential of manipulating kappa receptors as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease. Enadoline reduced reserpine-induced akinesia when injected in the entopeduncular nucleus of the rat. Similarly, injections of CI-977 in the internal segment of globus pallidus (GPi) of the MPTP-treated marmoset alleviated parkinsonian symptoms and allowed the animal to recover its locomotor activity. This suggest that reducing the overactive glutamatergic transmission in the output regions of the basal ganglia by activating kappa receptors might potentially form the basis of a novel anti-parkinsonian therapy.     

Regional glucose andβ-Hydroxybutyrate use by developing rat brain

Rates of glucose andd--hydroxybutyrate use were determined in five brain regions of 20-day-old rats. The regions studied were cerebral cortex, thalamus, striatum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The tracers for determining rates of substrate use were [³H]fluorodeoxyglucose and [3-¹⁴C]-d--hydroxybutyrate. Two or five minutes after isotope administration the animals were sacrificed in a 6-kW, 2450-MHz focused microwave device. Ten minutes prior to isotope administration the animals were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline or DL--hydroxybutyrate (10mmol/kg). Bloodd--hydroxybutyrate levels averaged 0.21 mol/ml in saline-injected and 3.13 mol/ml in hyperketonemic rats. Rates of glucose utilization were significantly heterogeneous between regions in both groups: thalamus > cerebral cortex striatum > brain stem > cerebellum. These rates were 20–35% lower in hyperketonemic rats. Rates ofd--hydroxybutyrate use varied significantly between regions only in the saline group, with the brain stem rate being significantly lower than that in cortex or cerebellum. Regional rates ofd--hydroxybutyrate use did not correlate significantly with regional rates of glucose use in either the saline or the hyperketonemic groups. Regional rates of glucose use were strongly and positively correlated between conditions, as were regional rates ofd--hydroxybutyrate use. Thus, in 20-day-old rats, the regional heterogeneity of brain glucose use is similar to that in adult rats.d--Hydroxybutyrate use is much less regionally heterogeneous. When brain regional rates ofd--hydroxybutyrate use are increased seven- to ninefold in acute hyperketonemia, there are compensatory decreases in regional rates of glucose use sufficient to keep regional rates of energy production unchanged.     

球药隔重楼HMGR功能基因保守区序列的克隆与分析

目的研究球药隔重楼次生代谢产物甾体皂苷甲羟戊酸合成途径的一个关键酶即3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR)的基因,有助于对活性物质的合成进行调控,从而提高产量。方法比较NCBI上公布的11种植物11条HMGR基因mRNA的同源保守区域,设计简并引物,利用RT-PCR技术,以球药隔重楼新鲜茎总RNA反转录的cDNA为模板成功扩增出404 bp的保守区基因片段。结果序列分析表明,球药隔重楼HMGR基因片段与其他7种植物的一致性达到76%～81%,球药隔重楼HMGR氨基酸片段与其他植物有较高的同源性,经Genbank查询为一新的cDNA。结论通过蛋白质特征区、保守区以及进化树分析,初步确定该基因为HMGR基因,这是首次从药用植物球药隔重楼中克隆得到甲羟戊酸途径关键酶HMGR的基因片段,也是百合科植物首次获得的HMGR基因。     

木瓜药材质量研究

目的考察不同产地木瓜药材的质量。方法采用2010年版《中国药典》规定方法测定不同产地木瓜药材的水分;采用高效液相色谱法测定齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量。结果源自不同产地的10批木瓜药材中齐墩果酸、熊果酸的含量有显著差异。结论不同产地木瓜药材的质量存在差异。